Oil burning apparatus



Dec. 21, 1943. H B, DONL Y 2,337,088

OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 21, 1939 2 Sheets- Sheet 1 /ZZ2F 4 0 00000000 0 0 O0 D00 D00 000000000 0 00 0* o o n o o 0 o 0 00b 17 f oo o 0 o o o o o o o o 0000 a 21 o o o o o o o o o o o 0000 I 25 .92 I I; 0

H. B.'DONLEY OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 21, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Dec. 21, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNING APPARATUS Harold B. Donley, Columbus, Ohio, assignor to Columbus Metal Products, Inc., Columbus, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application December 21,1939, Serial No. 310,429 Claims. (01. 158-91) This invention relates generally to apparatus spaced bulging portions are provided, each havfor burning liquid fuel and is particularly diing the outwardly and downwardly inclined wall rected to an improved combustion vessel for an section, mentioned above, to receive a port for "oil burner of the .hydroxylating type. The prithe admission of primary air.

mary object of this invention is to provide a 5 With these and other objects in view which burner in which the fuel will be consumed withwill be evident from the following description out appreciable smoke or carbon formation reand the accompanying drawings, the invention gardless of the rateof feed of the fuel, within, consists in the novel features of construction of course, reasonable limits. and arrangement of parts more particularly set Another object is to provide a burner having 1o forth hereafter,

a combustion vessel so constructed that. during In the drawings:

operation thereof,'air will be introduced into the Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view taken through lower portion of the combustion vessel and dia furnace in which the oil burning apparatus lected into intimate contact with the fuel to comprising the invention has been installed, a mingle with the vapors rising therefrom and portion of this apparatus also being illustrated produce a rich hydrocarbon mixtur'e'which will in vertical section;

be converted into a highly combustible gas when Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken through additional air, fed into the upper portion of the the combustion vessel and associated mechanism vessel, is mixed therewith, the air introduced of the oilburning apparatus;

into the lower portion of the vessel also servin ig. 3 is a detail vertical sectional view through to hasten the flow of vapors upwardly by ina portion of the combustion vessel; creasing the pressurein the lower portion of 7 Fig.4 is a similar view throughaslightly modi--' the vessel. fled form;

A further object is to provide in such a burner Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view aken a combustion vessel with means for confining through the combustion vessel on the plane indithe primary air in the lower partof the; vessel cated by the line V--V of Fig. 2; for a sufficient length of time to permit it to Fig, 6 is a detail vertical sectional view taken become highly saturated with the fuel vapors through a slightly modified fo m ofcombllstion before rising to the upper part of the vessel and vessel; becoming diluted with th secondary air. Fig '7 is a horizontal sectional view taken A still further object is to provide the primary through the vessel shown in Fig. 6 on the plane air-confining means of such a burner with one indicated by'the-line VII-V]I of Figor more openings which establish -communica Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view taken through ti b tw en th upper and low r parts of the the modified form of combustion vessel shown in vessel and so disposing these openings that when Fig, 6. the burner is in full or high stage operation, all Referring more particularly to the drawings, the openings will be employed but when a low. the numeral l designates the side wall of a furstage of operation is effected, only one of the nace or other heating unit to which the oil burnopenings will be employed and the reduced .ing .;apparatus is applied. In the space enclosed amount of vapors held together to pr fin bythe wall I, the burner 2 of the apparatus is smokeless, carbon-free-flama. p r ed in a horizontal position on a bracket Another object is to provide a burne placed on h -base of the h n ni A onacterized by its simplicity of constructlo dull?! extends through the wall I to the burner omy of manufacture and ease with whic "f o j xt rio ly ispos d t '0l nd ir Supp y burner maybe cleaned whenever it may to means designated generally by the numeral 5. necessary to perform such operation. e mechanism 5 includes a motor driven fan 6 Still another object is to provide improved and fuel flow controlling valve me ns Dos com-bustion vessel with an annulan side, wall. tioned in the fuel feed line 8 .between'the source which is provided near the lower portion thereof i i supp y and a conductor 9 which extends through the v conduit 'l'to the combustion vessel to provide an outwardly and downwardly in-f-f of the burn'er.

with an outwardly bulging portion soformed as 9 clined wall section to receive one ormore ports The vessel ill includes a closed bottom wall It through which primary air is introduced to the .fand an annular upwardly directed side wall I! burner, the position and degree of inclination of havinga flang'e'l3 at the upper edge which rests on the wall section serving'to direct the air passing the top wall ll of the burner. The top wall forms therethrough downwardly into the combustion a part of thebur'ner housing formed by the side vessel where it will impinge on the fuel and wall l5 and a bottom wall l6. These walls are cause a rapid and complete vaporization thereof. spaced from-the combustion vessel to provide a It is also proposed to provide a modlfled'type chamber l1 for the recepin'on of air delivered to of burner in which a series of circumferentially the burner from the fan i by the conduit 4.

the wall l2.

The upper end of the combustion vessel is open and a ring-like member I8 is positioned therein 'to slightly reduce the area of this opening and confine the flames to .the central portion thereof,

the inner portion of the ring member extending over-the edge of the combustion vessel and forming an internal flange therefor. Between the upper edge of the wall l2 and the lower portion thereof, there are provided a plurality of rows of circumferentially spaced air admitting openings l9 through which air from the chamber passes to the interior of the combustion vessel. The

air entering through theports I9 is secondary air which dilutes the fuel vapors rising from the lower-portion of the combustion vessel to form a combustible mixture.

To assist in forming this combustible mixture,

the wall |2 below the lowermost row of openings I9 is, in the first instance illustrated, provided with an outwardly directed bead-like bulge spaced a slight distance above the bottom wall I The upper edge of the bead-like portion is provided with a plurality of ports 2| which, due to the angularity of the portion of the wall through which they extend, have their axes directed downwardly at an angle to the major portion of By reason of this angularity, air entering the combustion vessel through these ports will be directed into the lower portion of the vessel and will impinge the body of oil contained therein.

'Through contact with the oil, the air will pick up vapors therefrom and. these vapors will rise in the vessel to be converted by the secondary air entering through the ports I!) into a .combustible mixture. To retain the air introduced through the ports 2| in the lower portion of the vessel for a length of time sufficient to permit it to pick up the required amount of oil vapors, a plate-like dividing wall 22 is disposed in a horizontal position adjacent the bead 20. This plate may be supported in any suitable manner but in the present instance has legs 23 for engagement with the bottom wall The wall 22 in. the preferred form of the invention is provided with a group of riser openings 24 near the central portion thereof through which vaporized fuel rises to the upper portion of the vessel.

As disclosed in Figs. 2 and 5, the openings 24 smoke or carbon formation. When the burner is operating at full capacity, all the openings 24 will be utilized and the eccentric arrangement will then have no effect.

It is obvious that a singleopening 24 could be employed in an eccentric location, it being merely necessary to provide a sufliciently large opening to satisfy the demands of the burner at full capacity.

As shown in Fig. 2, the plate 22 is disposed below the openings 2| and the periphery of the plate is spaced slightly from the wall I2 at the bead to permit the air passing through the ports 2| to enter the portion of the vessel below the wall 22, this wall beingdisposed in the vessel at as low a position as possible without interfering with the primary air flowing through the ports 2 I. It may be found that some of the oil vapors will flow between the periphery of the wall 22 and the wall l2 and, if so, it may be desirable to raise the plate 22 a slight distance as shown in Fig. 4 to position the edge substantially in engagement with the side wall l2. By making the plate 22 substantially equal in diameter to that of the vessel, the escape of air around the periphery of the wall will be reduced to a minimum.

An alternate method of preventing the flow of air around the dividing wall is illustrated in Figs. 6, 7 and '8. In-this form, the wall |2a is formed with a plurality of circumferentially spaced outwardlydirected bulging portions 24b which include an outwardly and downwardly extending wall section 25 in which-the ports 2 la are formed. Due to the angularity of the wall section 25, air passing through these ports will also g be directed downwardly into the combustion vessel as indicated by the arrows in Figs. 6 and 8. In this form, the dividing wall 22 will have its periphery in substantial engagement with the side wall of the combustion vessel and the fuel vapors will thereby be precluded from passing upwardly around the wall 22 and into the upper portion of the burner. It is desirable in these types of bumers to have the vapors, flow upwardly in or near the central portion thereof. By introducing air through the ports 2| or 2|a, the pressure in the lower portion of the burner beneath the wall 22 is slightly elevated and this increased pressure will cause a rapid flow of oil bearing air into the upper portion of the burner through the open-- ings 24.

As the heat from the combustion of fuel taking place at the top or above the burner also causes vaporization of the liquid fuel in the bottom of the burner, a considerable number of riser openings 24 may be, employed to convey the vapors from the lower portion of the burner vessel to' the upper portion. To insure a better engagement of the primary air with the fuel, it may be found desirable to provide the dividing wall 22 with an air guiding shield 26 which curves downwardly and inwardly and serves to further reduce the-space in the vessel below the wall 22. As this guiding portion extends downwardly into the vessel, the air currents entering through the ports 2| or 2 la will be caused to flow continuously downwardly from the ports to the central portion of the vessel where they will join and pass upwardly through the center of the vessel in a merged stream with the oil vapors. When the dividing wall is constructed in this manner, tubular sections 21, forming risers for the air-oil vapor mixture, are disposed between the shield 26 and the plate 22 in registration with the openings 24 to prevent the vapors from entering the space between the plate and shield. These tubular sections assist the flow of gases from the lower to the upper chamber by functioning in the manner of a chimney. One advantage of this construction is particularly noticed when the burner is operating at a low stage of combustion at which time the small quantity of oil introduced to the vessel vaporizes immediately upon contacting the bottom wall II and passes upwardly in a single body through the opening disposed in closest relationship to the oil entrance.

When the shield 26 is not employed, the flow of vapors through the openings 24 may be facilitated by making a portion of the plate 22 around each opening substantially cone-shaped as illustrated at 28 in Figs. 9 and 10. Due to the inclination of the portions 28, vapors arising from the wall II will be guided through the openings in 2,887,088 an improved manner over that provided by the perfectlyfiat plate. However, the openings are spaced a greater distance and divide-the vapors passing the'rethrough when the burner is operating at high capacity. As a large amountof vapors is generated at these times, no undesirable effect is experienced by the division of the vapors. A considerable improvement results when the burner is operating at low capacity since the vapors are collected by the conical portion of the first or nearest opening to the oil inlet and pass through the opening in a single body which has a proper mixture to burn without smoke.

While the freferred forms of the invention have been illustrated in detail, various changes may be made in the construction and arrangements of parts without departing-from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.

. What is claimed is:' Y

1. An oil burner comprising a combustion vessel having a closed bottom wall and an annular side wall provided with a plurality of vertically I surfaces of said bead and the perforations formed.

provided'with spaced perforations, the axes of which are angularly disposed with relation to. said side wall, a stationary horizontally disposed yexed lower surface, the outer peripheral portions of said partition being imperforate and terminated in spaced relation to the inner wall thereof.

spaced rows of air admitting openings, an outwardly projecting bead formed in said side wall in spaced relation from the bottom wall, the top portion of said bead being provided withspaced perforations, theaxe's of which are angularly disposed with relation to said side wall, a horizontally disposed plate formed with an opening near its central portion supported within said combustion vessel in a plane immediately below the openings in said head, means for introducing a liquid fuel to said vessel, and means for feeding air into said vessel through the openings in said side wall, the air passing through the perforations in said head being received within said vessel beneath said horizontal plate.

2. An oil burner comprising a combustion vessel having a closed bottom wall and an annular vertically extending side wall, the latter being provided with a plurality of vertically spaced rows of air-admitting openings, an outwardly projectq ing annular bead formed in said side wall above the bottom wall and below the side wall perforations of said vessel, the top portion of said head being provided with spaced perforations, the axes of which are angularly disposed with relation to the side wall, a horizontally arranged plate positioned within said vessel and formed with a vapor outlet opening near its central portion, the

"outer peripheral portions of said plate being imperforate and temiinated in spaced relation to the inner wall surfaces of said bead and the perforations formed therein, whereby to provide an annular space around said plate through which air entering the vessel through the angularly disposed perforations is directed downwardly without obstructed flow into the bottom of the vessel,

beneath said plate, means for introducing liquid fuel into the bottom of saidvessel beneath saidplate, and means for feeding air into said vessel through the openings and-perforations formed in r 4. An oilburner comprising combustion vessel having a closed bottom wall and an annular side wall provided with a plurality of vertically spaced rows of air-admitting openings, an outwardly projecting annular beadformation provided in said side wall above the bottom wall and below said openings, the top portion of said formation being provided with a plurality of spaced air-admitting perforations, the axes of said perforations being downwardly and angularly dis-' arranged in spaced relation to the inner wall surfaces of said bead formation in which the perforations are formed, thereby providing a space around the outer edge of said plate through which air entering the vessel by the angularly disposed perforations is directed downwardly into the bottom of the vessel below said plate, means for introducing liquid fuel into said Vessel, and a plurality of vapor outlet openings formed in the central region of said plate,'one of saidlastnamed openings being arranged immediately over the point of introduction of-liquid fuel into said vessel.

5. An oil burner comprising a combustion vessel having a closed bottom wall and an annular side wall, the latter being provided with a plurality of vertically spaced rows of air-admitting openings, an outwardly projecting annularly disposed bead formation provided in said side wall in spaced relation from the bottom wall and below said openings, the top portion of said formation being provided with spaced perforations, the

axes of which are angularly disposed with re'la- 'tion to said side wall, a horizontally disposed plate having an imperforate peripheral region and a perforate central region,'the imperforate peripheral region of said plate being terminated in-spaced relation to the inner wall surfacesof said bead formation to form a space around said 7 plate through which air entering the vessel through the angularly disposed perforationsis directed downwardly without obstructed flow into thebottom .of the vessel beneath said'plate,

Plate.

HAROLD B. DONLEY. 

